Module content:
Introduction and basic terms
• Thermodynamic systems and states
• Pressure, temperature
• Specific volume, density, molar mass
• Internal state, external state, total state
Equations of state and state changes
• Equation of state for an ideal gas
• Specific heat capacities for ideal gases, liquids and solids
The first law of thermodynamics, introduction and definition
• The first law for a closed system
• Exchanged heat and work
• Pressure-volume work
• Friction or dissipation, external work
• The first law for a steady flow process
• Introduction to technical work and power
• Definition, calculating technical work and power
• Quasistatic state changes of homogeneous systems
• State changes isobaric, isothermal, isochoric, adiabatic, isentropic, polytropic
• The first law for a transient flow process
The second law of thermodynamics, introduction and definition
• Entropy change for ideal gases, liquids, solids
• Entropy change for a steady flow process
• State changes in the T-s and h-s diagram
Efficiency and coefficient of performance in cycles
• Fundamentals of cycles, clockwise and counterclockwise
• Thermal efficiency, coefficient of performance
• Idealized cycles with ideal gases
• Exchanged heat and work
Cycles
• Idealized cycles with ideal gases
• CARNOT process
• Turbine processes (JOULE)
• Constant volume process (OTTO)
• Constant pressure process (DIESEL)
Pure substances and their use
• Water and steam
• State variables of liquid water
• State variables in the area wet steam
• State variables of superheated steam
• Steam power plant process (CLAUSIUS-RANKINE)
• Ideal single-stage steam power process
Mixtures of ideal gas
• Mass, mole and volume fractions
• State variables of mixtures
• Entropy of mixing
Module content:
Introduction and basic terms
Thermodynamic systems and states
Pressure, temperature (law)
Specific volume, density, molar mass
Internal state, external state
total state
Equations of state and state changes
Equation of state for an ideal gas
Specific heat capacities for ideal gases, liquids and solids
The first law of thermodynamics, introduction and definition
The first law for a closed system
Exchanged heat and work
Pressure-volume work
Friction or dissipation, external work
1. The first law for a steady flow process
Introduction to work and power
1. The first law for a steady flow process
Definition, calculating technical work and power
Quasistatic state changes of homogeneous systems
State changes isobaric, isothermal, isochoric, isentropic, polytropic
The second law of thermodynamics, introduction and definition
Entropy change of ideal gases, liquids, solids, entropy change
for a steady-state flow process, state changes in the T-s and h-s diagrams
Cyclic processes, efficiency, and performance coefficients, fundamentals of cyclic processes,
clockwise and counterclockwise thermal efficiency, performance coefficient of idealized
cyclic processes with ideal gases, exchanged heat and work
Cycles, efficiencies and performance figures
Idealized cycles with ideal gases
CARNOT process
Turbine processes (JOULE)
Constant volume process (OTTO)
Constant pressure process (DIESEL)
Pure substances and their use
Water and steam
State variables of liquid water
State variables in the area wet steam
State variables of superheated steam
Steam power plant process (CLAUSIUS-RANKINE)
Ideal single-stage steam power process
Thermodynamics
1. Lecture
After successfully completing this course, students will:
- be familiar with the advanced basics of thermodynamics,
- be able to describe and characterize special processes and state changes,
- be able to take and assess new, reactive approaches to thermodynamics,
- Be able to demonstrate and explain the application of the first and second laws of thermodynamics and their cyclic and comparative processes.
Students will:
- be familiar with the basic principles of thermodynamics as the theoretical basis for various engineering fields,
- be able to evaluate and accompany fundamental processes through abstract thinking and thinking in physical models,
- be able to plot calculated values, state changes and cycles in pv, ts, hs and ph diagrams,
- be able to justify and evaluate their selection of technical equipment and components for the cycles.
2. Tutorial
After successfully completing this course, students will:
- be able to recognize state variables and process variables and select calculation methods, e.g. ideal gas law,
- be able to to determine state variables and process variables for cycles,
- be able to calculate common thermodynamics tasks,
- show and calculate correlations of special material data, enthalpy and entropy changes.
Thermodynamics (Professional skills):
After successful completion of the course, students will be proficient in the basics of thermodynamics in order to specifically describe the mechanisms of thermodynamics. In the lecture, students will acquire the skills to handle complex formulas based on material quantities, thermal process variables, thermal state variables and material-dependent property values.
Students will be familiar with various cycles such as Joule, Otto, Diesel, Stirling, Seiliger and Clausius-Rankine. They will be able to derive the respective energetic and exergetic efficiencies and thus, know how various factors influence efficiency. They will be able to assign clockwise and counterclockwise cycles to the respective applications (thermal power process, cooling process). They will have in-depth knowledge about steam cycles and can represent the cycles in diagrams commonly used in technical thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic (Methodological skills):
After successfully completing this part of the course, students will be able to apply the main laws and thus, be able to quantitatively determine the energy to be transferred. With the help of entropy, students will be able to make statements about reversibility and irreversibility in order to be able to make evaluations with the help of exergy. Due to the changes of state, students must be able to make qualitatively correct statements about cycles; this includes the area of the pure gas phase, as well as the two-phase area. This includes power engines, as well as heat pumps and refrigerating machines. Students will be able to handle two-component systems in the ideal gas range as well as in the wet steam range.
Students will have mastered the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, specifically
- the first and second laws of thermodynamics for closed and open systems with flow.
- the interrelationships of state changes in ideal and real gases.
- the applications of thermodynamics in cyclic processes for substances with and without phase changes.
Skills:
After successfully completing this course, students will be able to apply the fundamentals of thermodynamics to technical processes. In particular, they will be able to draw up energy, exergy, and entropy balances in order to optimize technical processes. They will be able to perform simple safety calculations with regard to the escape of gases from a container. They will be able to translate verbally described context into abstract formalism.
This enables students to assess and work on thermodynamic problems. By applying solution algorithms in a targeted manner, students will be able to reliably differentiate which control variables require balancing and quantification in the event of a change in state and which optimization options (process engineering, mechanical engineering, fluid-mechanical or in material selection) are applicable using the available material data properties of pressure, temperature and volume specification.
Thermodynamics (Social competence): Independence:
Students will be able to discuss in small groups and develop solutions.
They will be able to define tasks independently, develop the knowledge they require based on the knowledge they have acquired, use suitable means of implementation.
Students will be able to reliably assess changes in condition and process variables.
[updated 21.04.2026]
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